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The United States Cargill Chemical Company recently developed a biodegradable "bioplastic", its chemical name is "polylactic acid resin." The product is a new type of polymer material produced by using high-pressure polymerization of lactic acid produced by fermentation of corn. At the end of January this year, the company has built an experimental plant that can produce 8,000 tons of polylactic acid bioplastics. Five years later, it will build a polylactic acid bioplastics production line with an annual output of 140,000 tons. Up to 40,000 thin eared US corn can be converted into bioplastics each year.
Polylactic acid bioplastics have a variety of advantages such as high transparency, toughness, crimping, and melt processing like ordinary plastics, so it is suitable for the production of various existing plastic machinery.
Polylactic acid bio-plastics are non-toxic and harmless to the human body (its main component is “lactic acidâ€, which is an intrinsic substance in the human body), so it is most suitable for processing into disposable lunch boxes and other various food and beverage packaging materials. Polylactic acid can also be used for the production of imitation cotton fibers and imitation wool, imitation silk fibers, can be spun alone (or mixed with other natural fibers) for the production of a variety of fabrics. The polylactic acid bio-plastic fiber fabric has strong anti-wrinkle properties, good air permeability, and comfortable wear. It is comparable to other chemical fiber fabrics.
The bioplastic is suitable for processing into a high-value film due to its good toughness, and is used to replace the easily breakable agricultural film. Its greatest advantage is that it can be automatically decomposed into carbon dioxide and ice after several years of use, unlike environmental pollution caused by PVC or vinyl films.
In addition to corn, some common agricultural and sideline products such as sugar beet pulp, alfalfa, corn straw, etc. can be used to ferment lactic acid and become a raw material for bioplastics. The cost of bioplastics currently fermented with corn is 50-100 cents per pound. In the future, with the diversification of raw materials for fermentation and the increase in yield, the price of polylactic acid bioplastics will gradually decline. Bioplastics is expected to become the new industrial raw material for the 21st century.
Broad prospects for "bioplastics"
The public knows that plastics are cheap and can be used to produce a variety of daily necessities. However, the biggest disadvantage of plastics is that it is not easily decomposed in nature and causes serious environmental pollution.