Taking the new industrialization road to promote the informationization process of furniture manufacturing

Informatization is of course the top priority for us to take a new road to industrialization. However, before implementing it, it is necessary to transform enterprises into existing methods of production, transforming existing production methods into standardized industrial production methods, and transforming traditional management models into modern management models. On this basis, we can embark on a new journey.

1 "Informationization" situation

Since the 1990s, the wave of informatization has set off a profound industrial revolution and major changes in social structure on a global scale. Countries have successively launched new development strategies. In September 1995, when China formulated the "Ninth Five-Year Plan", it officially put forward the strategic task of "accelerating the process of informationization of the national economy." In January 1996, the State Council “Informatization Leading Group” was established. The implementation of the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" has enabled China's high-tech industry represented by information technology to start to rise rapidly; the demonstration role of CAD/CIMS application engineering has also been clearly demonstrated. Therefore, in 2000, when the country drafted the "10th Five-Year Plan", it further referred to informatization to a very high strategic position, emphasizing the need to use information technology to drive industrialization and achieve leapfrog development of productivity. The Ministry of Science and Technology also proposed "Ten Five "National Science and Technology Research Program" "Manufacturing Informatization Project" major project. In the 2002 government work report, Shenzhen City also proposed to transform and upgrade eight traditional industries such as watches, furniture, toys and clothing, investing 2.9 billion yuan, focusing on 80 technological transformation projects, and establishing electronic testing, clothing, and watches. Four major public service platforms such as furniture.

The manufacturing industry was once called the "sunset" industry. In the 1970s and 1980s, the United States suffered a heavy blow in international competition because of neglecting the development of manufacturing. After entering the 1990s, from Bush to the Clinton administration, a series of measures to revitalize American manufacturing were launched to reverse the situation. Clinton also proposed to "promote the development of advanced technology." The use of information technology and the path of informationization is the decisive factor in the formation of "Advanced Manufacturing Technology (AMT)". AMT has evolved into an interdisciplinary discipline – manufacturing science and entering high-tech fields – by absorbing the cutting-edge results of other disciplines.

In the report of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Comrade Jiang Zemin solemnly announced that in the first two decades of this century, he will concentrate on building a higher-level well-off society that will benefit more than one billion people. To this end, it is proposed that we must do a good job in the eight major tasks related to the livelihood of the people, and that the “new industrialization road” is included in the first task. Although China has basically achieved industrialization at the end of the last century, the manufacturing industry has also ranked fourth in the world. However, the degree of “industrialization” of many manufacturing industries is still very low. To measure whether a country has achieved “industrialization”, there are three important structural indicators in the world: first, the proportion of agricultural output value to GDP must fall below 15%; second, the proportion of agricultural employment to the total number of employed people. It fell below 20%. Third, the urban population rose to over 60%. According to the statistics of 2001, China’s first indicator has just dropped to 15%, but the second indicator is still as high as 50%, and the third indicator is less than 40%. Therefore, China’s industrialization has reached a medium level of maturity.

In the past few years, some furniture companies in China have tried their best to adopt CAD methods, use CNC machining centers and realize information management, but their effectiveness has not really appeared. We may have more furniture companies still struggling for the diversified needs of the market and the price war, even to the point where Jiang Lang did. How to use information technology to drive industrialization so that enterprises can occupy the commanding heights of the market? What is the essence of informatization? This is what they need to know.

2 The essence of "informatization"

Information, in a nutshell, is the external things that people perceive through the senses and are transmitted to the brain and their changes. After people extract the information and then process it through the brain, including using the accumulated knowledge in the brain and the new knowledge acquired, the information may be transformed into new knowledge. A variety of information and conditions that reflect the shape of things, internal laws and other things, have been listed as the three major resources of today's world together with energy and materials. Today, information can be listed as a major resource, so that people can use it to create more wealth, and can not be separated from the maturity and wide application of modern information technology. The purpose of "informatization" is to use modern information technology to make a variety of processed information instantly and accurately "refer to where to go", thereby promoting the development of social productivity in multiple fields and at multiple levels.

Only when the various forms of information, such as data, text, sound, and images, are digitized, and the provision, communication, dissemination, utilization, and management of information are realized in a networked and timely manner, human society has acquired a material economy. The conditions for the transformation of the information-based economy, and the multiple economic activities of human beings have also deepened the dependence on information resources.

Thanks to the support of fiber-optic communication technology, interactive network technology, multimedia technology and computer technology, the global information Internet network (the information highway), the Internet, has finally been built; various forms of information are now digitalized. . And all this happened only after the 1990s. The beginning of China's "informatization" is not too late, but the growth rate of the information economy is ten times higher than that of the industrial economy. Therefore, if we do not pay close attention, a careful will be left far away.

At present, the Chinese people have already experienced the new changes in work and life that have brought "information high-speed roads". I know a little about the high fidelity, compressibility, and editability of digitally processed information. But a "manufacturing revolution" brought about by digitization may be poorly understood.

Now we all know that the processing of information is inseparable from the computer, and the original name of the computer is "digital computer." So the computer only knows the numbers and only knows the two basic numbers 0 and 1 of the binary. The expressions of various kinds of information, such as words, sounds, and images, are also called carriers or "codes" of information. The process of converting code into binary algebras 0 and 1 is what people often call a "digital" process, also known as the "encoding" process (in which case the information becomes "data"). Information must be "encoded" to enter the computer. When outputting from a computer, it must be "decoded" and restored to a form of information that people can perceive. Please don't underestimate this 0 and 1! Not only can computers use it for any complex calculations, but their speed and precision are far beyond the reach of the human brain. As long as there are mathematical formulas and mathematical models, the computer can quickly give accurate results. These useful formulas and mathematical models can also be "cured" on the computer's chip. 0 and 1 can not only be used for operations, but also have the ability to logically judge and control things. Atanasov, who invented the binary computer, also designed the "and", "or", and "non" gate circuits. The binary pulse circuits together form the basis of modern digital computers.

The computer's powerful computing power and logical deductive ability can do a lot of things 1+1>2. Although it only knows "every two into one", it is the most basic logic of thinking. The gossip diagram in the ancient Yijing of China has already hinted at this rule of inferring the causal relationship between things. It is only in the gossip that “—” stands for yang, and “--” stands for yin, which is equivalent to 1 and 0 in bourg algebra. In the gossip (representing the land, thunder, water, Ze, mountain, fire, wind, and sky), it is equivalent to 8 out of 3 bits (bit, the smallest unit representing the amount of information, that is, the binary "bit"). Binary numbers: 000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110, 111 (corresponding to 0-7 in decimal). The gossip figure is used for divination, but why can't ordinary people do "what is like a god"? Because people can't make a comparison of hundreds of programs in "instant moments", they can't do thousands of computing steps, let alone "can't be foolproof," but computers can do it (currently the most advanced computer The operation speed can reach 35.9 teraflops per second. Of course, computers are not omnipotent. At present, for sensible (non-logical) thinking, for a lot of coding experience, the computer is still difficult to adapt. The premise of our use of computers is that any type of information must be "encoded" or "digital". Therefore, "digitalization" is the ancestor of "informatization". Without "digitalization", there is no "informatization". The digitization of text, sound, and image information is not easy to achieve, and many difficulties are needed to overcome the technology. Therefore, the last digital TV was difficult until 1990 when it was conquered by General Instrument Company. Human beings have truly embraced the "interactive multimedia" era in which text, sound and images can be mixed and transmitted, and also ushered in the "digital" spring. As Comrade Jiang Zemin pointed out at the time: "The tremendous development of the electronics industry and the widespread application of electronic information technology are pushing the world into a so-called information economy era."

Nowadays, human beings have entered the era of information economy, and we should learn to use the "informatization" perspective to find new opportunities to use information resources. For example, a common problem encountered in domestic manufacturing industry is that “consumer demand is becoming more and more subjective, individualized and diversified. A rapidly changing and unpredictable buyer market has been formed, and traditional large-scale production methods cannot adapt to this. New market trends." What should I do? If we still face this problem with the idea of ​​traditional industrialization (and even the idea of ​​engraving the agricultural age), we will be at a loss and will only be resigned. And if we use informational eyes to find new points of integration, we will find a new world. Let's talk about the solution of informationization with two specific questions.

Question 1: In production factors, time is the only cost that does not bring added value. According to the survey, for products such as clothing, labor costs only account for about 10% of the total cost, while time costs account for 30%. In the Western electromechanical manufacturing industry, pure processing and assembly time, some even only account for 2% of the time required for the entire production process, raw materials and finished products account for 5% of the transportation time, the remaining 93% of the time is production preparation time. This may be a more extreme statistic. However, if our furniture companies also make a statistical comparison of the production preparation time and the effective operation time of the processing assembly, it will also find that the former accounts for a relatively high proportion. Some manufacturers have listened to the author's reminder and found that this is true. In particular, they are preparing to organize production in a variety of small batches in response to changes in market demand, and the time taken for such production preparation will be greatly increased. It will be difficult to control. To this end, they proposed an action plan for daily production scheduling and implemented “production material distribution”. The effect is very obvious, but due to the failure to use computer scheduling, I have to add three statisticians, and work night shifts every day to make the next day's scheduling schedule. The problem with this is that people are too tired and easy to make mistakes.

Question 2: Faced with the market's individualization, diversified demand and uncertainty of market changes, if furniture companies still organize production according to subjective forecasts and economic batches, it will inevitably lead to a large backlog of inventory. This problem has become more and more serious now, and many companies feel helpless and unable to do anything about it. But what if we go to the computer to open a "shadow factory" that is exactly the same as our own factory? Let's go through a whole process of designing and manufacturing. Do you need to “design and manufacture” all the products that the factory develops in the market, and store them in the “shadow factory” warehouse? Now information technology can tell you "Well!" Last year we went to the German store of Nobilia Kitchenware Co., Ltd. in Beijing, and there are thousands of computers in their company that have been "shadow factories." "Design and manufacture of the unit cabinet, and the handle and the configuration in the cabinet can be arbitrarily exchanged. So they go to any city in the world to sell kitchen furniture, so that local customers can get a satisfactory choice. Judging from the sales situation in China, the demand for varieties often encountered is only about 200 (unit cabinet).

This is the virtual manufacturing technology brought about by "informatization", also known as "spiritual technology." At this point, the equivalence between product information and the physical product has been fully established. That is to say, once we have all the information about a certain product, we can manufacture the product accurately and at any time and anywhere. If it is not urgently needed, people would rather store product information than store a large number of products. Of course, if it is needed, how to manufacture it efficiently and at low cost, this is another "informatization" and "advanced". Manufacturing technology is closely related to the topic, which will be expanded in the next lecture.

3 “Informatization”

In order to change our disadvantaged position in the international division of labor and change the situation that many of our industries are still at the lowest end of the international industrial chain, the state emphasizes the opportunity to seize the rapid development of information technology, “inducing industrialization with informationization and promoting industrialization. Informatization, thus promoting the optimization and upgrading of product structure, forming an industrial structure with high-tech products as the forerunner, basic industry and manufacturing as the support, and service industry to develop in an all-round way. Therefore, on the one hand, the state should vigorously develop high-tech industries and emerging industries and cultivate new economic growth points; on the other hand, it must actively use high-tech, especially information technology, to transform traditional industries. The high-tech development of traditional industries is the focus of the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. Because it is a large area, especially the traditional manufacturing industry, accounting for more than 80% of the total secondary industry in China. Therefore, "informatization of manufacturing industry" is an urgent task during the "10th Five-Year Plan" period, and it is a breakthrough in industrialization driven by informationization.

Then, what application areas will China's “manufacturing informatization” focus on? "The main content is to grasp the development and application of digital design, digital production, digital equipment and digital management technology. On the basis of these four digitizations, through integration and innovation, a group of influential and good benefits will be formed in China. Digital enterprises will improve their comprehensive competitiveness. In addition, during the "10th Five-Year Plan" period, the state hopes to promote the "manufacturing informationization project" to make the manufacturing industry look like the following three aspects.