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I. The concept and background of online publishing
China's publishing and printing industry has gone through four technological revolutions in the past 20 years since it bid farewell to "lead and fire." It has now moved toward the goal of publishing on the Internet.
The so-called online publication that appeared a few years ago was a two-layered concept: “Web-based printing and publishing†and “Web-based media publishing†have now been unified as “Web-based cross-media publishing.†In other words, it is not only cross-media publishing but also web-based cross-media publishing.
Judging from the situation of domestic newspapers, more than 200 newspaper companies have basically implemented information integration electronic management programs since 1994, including collection and editing process management, advertisement management and production systems, group edition systems, distribution systems, and electronic news reporting systems. Wait. Now the newspaper layout information is not only used for printing, but also can be directly output to the web server, forming a well-timed electronic newspaper. As manuscript data is in a standard XML language, it can be viewed on the Internet. All this shows that the cross-media publishing of China’s newspaper industry has started, but it is still not enough to use the Internet to cross over the characteristics and superiority of space-time effects and large amounts of information. How to further use the Internet and give full play to the newspaper brand's brand effect and advantage is still the wish of most Chinese newspaper companies.
From the perspective of domestic publishers, e-books have long since started. As for the distribution of e-books via the Internet, it is still in its infancy. Because the content of the books owned by the publisher must be distributed on the Internet in the form of electronic books, problems such as normalization of data formats, data browsers on the Internet, copyright protection, and publishing servers must be resolved. At present, these technical problems are basically solved one by one, and the traditional paper media book of the book can be realized simultaneously with the electronic book publishing, and the cross-media publishing of the publishing house is initially realized. As for the networked cross-media publishing, it needs further development.
Second, some specific issues in the network of cross-media publishing
To realize networked cross-media publishing, we must not only recognize the general direction of electronicization but also see some specific problems in the development. Steps to actively solve.
Implementing networked cross-media publishing not only requires various conditions that must be created and solved in terms of hardware and software technologies and telecommunication infrastructure, but also has problems in social conditions and habits. It is not an easy matter to solve at one go. This is in China's printing industry. The digital transformation process is not uncommon. For example, the phenomenon of digital production output coexisting with hand-folding is still very common. In spite of the promotion of digitalization, many printing companies have eliminated manual impositions that account for a large proportion of plate-making work. This reflects the advantages of saving manpower, space, and improving quality and efficiency. However, it still retains the traditional manual imposition. There are also a few manufacturers who work on the situation. As for the implementation of digital proofing to replace mechanical proofing, it seems more difficult to popularize and popularize. In terms of social external factors, the habit of sending samples to customers is difficult to change for a time. From the perspective of printing companies, the level of data management is not high, and the level of operator control of new technologies is not enough, resulting in proofing and printing. The mutual adaptability is not stable enough. It stands to reason that the printing industry is one of the industries in which the use of computers is more popular, but the computerization of production technology and the computerization of management are also out of line, and it is also a common phenomenon in the printing industry. Therefore, to realize the electronic and networking of the printing and publishing industry, especially the general books and periodicals publishing houses and printing factories, we must make considerable efforts and go through a certain process, but this should never affect the technological transformation that we have identified. General direction. Now we should focus on perfecting the digital workflow (including production and management) to promote the electronicization of printing companies and thus the development of digital networking.
Third, the important role of XML and DAM in networked cross-media publishing
When traditional publishing and printing goes to networked cross-media publishing, besides the changes in technology and methods of editing, printing, and distribution, the carrier of information is no longer a single paper medium, and the organization and dissemination of information is no longer linear. The more important change in the structure is that the life cycle of publishing information has undergone major changes with the advent of the Internet. Originally, for the paper media media, after the information was transferred to paper media, the life cycle of the book media was basically determined by the existence or demise of the book or the newspaper, and it was fixed and rigid. Updates added (reprinted if you want to update supplements). Now that it is moving towards networked cross-media publishing, the value and cycle of the digital information does not end with the end of the paper media, but it has a second life cycle based on the Internet. In this life cycle, digital publication information is retrieved, used, traded, rewritten, supplemented, and organized, which is also the essential and superiority of the information society and the era of knowledge economy. Cross-media publishing is developed under this situation. Under such demand, traditional document management and database systems are not used. XML and DAM systems have emerged.
XML is the English shortening of EXtensible Markup Language. It is translated into “Extensible Markup Languageâ€. It is an indispensable language for solving various data format normalization and smoothly moving towards networked cross-media publishing. When domestic newspapers and magazines are required to spread across the Internet to publish this horse, it is necessary to solve the problem of the normalization of the general publication data and network publishing data formats. This issue did not encounter serious technical obstacles in China. It was mainly due to the selection of the XML standard that was still in the drafting stage as the normalized data standard, and it was also adopted. The XML data is embedded into the layout through the soft plug-in of the layout software, and the interface of the XML data to the printing is realized. And through the self-developed electronic newspaper system in China, XML data is converted into HTML, and cross-media and news releases are realized. Since the advent of the first online newspaper in Mainland China on October 20, 1995, almost all major newspapers have achieved online publishing.
XML solves the problem of data format normalization for networked publishing, but how can you achieve once-made, released, or reused multiple goals? Moreover, as the amount of information grows geometrically, if there is no proper management method and data that can be reused is used, it is known that its existence cannot be found, and the result is equal to no preservation. Therefore, when the life cycle of digital information is prolonged and the amount of information is surging, the necessity and importance of DAM appear to the world.
DAM is a contraction for Digital Assets Manegenent, which means digital asset management. It is not only a tool for digital information storage and management, it has evolved to become the core of the cross-media publishing system in the Internet age. This includes XML structured processing of published information, storage and retrieval of XML data, and cross-media publishing of published information.
Most of the commonly used text-editing and typesetting software has so far been printed or printed. To store the data output by these software in the DAM system, it must be converted to XML data for normalization. Whether or not this kind of normalization process can be automated is a goal pursued by people, but the current technology has not yet fully realized this desire. As a result, a specialized data conversion industry has emerged. When the data format is normalized to be stored in the DAM, it is also necessary to edit the stored data. Therefore, the XML editor is also a very important tool.
Cross-media publishing includes several aspects. After the publication information XML is dataized, the XSLT style data for displaying is accompanied, and the publishing of the publication information on the Internet can be realized, but the problem of XML data to printing or optical discs has not yet been solved.
From XML data to printing (ie, to paper media), the main problem is that RIP cannot support XML output yet. The feasible approach is to use software plug-ins to directly embed XML data into typesetting software. By publishing software to convert XML data to PS data, the problem of publishing paper media can be solved. Converting PS data to PDF will also solve the issue of CD publishing.
Cross-media publishing is the important function and purpose of DAM. However, due to the development of its application area, the industries involved will become more and more widespread. In addition to newspapers, magazines, books, and other publishing industries, education, medical care, commerce, property, literature and art, etc. may be added to the ranks of networked information dissemination and application. In order to benefit a wide range of individuals or groups, they can also directly download, or print, or process electronic media, or conduct e-commerce transactions as required. This also explains the digital development of information and the unlimited future. We must not only look at its influence on traditional printing, but also see the new opportunities it offers. In any case, digital network technology is the foundation and the technology that traditional publishing and printing (including packaging and printing) must combine and rely on.
Therefore, if we look at the development of this type of publication in a new light, the so-called “publishing†is to transfer information beneficial to the society to the public. Therefore, “networked publishing†should never be limited to the publishing industry that is currently referred to. And it will be more extensive. Of course, this kind of development is by no means one-step, and most of them will have a free and decentralized process. Then they will develop an industry-based information processing center based on the broadband network to make information provision better and implement it. Reasonable fee charge.
Fourth, cross-media publishing current application examples
Since 1995, Peking University Founder has applied DAM technology and SGML (Standard Universal Markup Language) technology to cross-media publishing, and has developed China's press cross-media publishing system and dictionary-based cross-media publishing system.
In the news DAM system, the XML-based NITF format was adopted as the core data standard, thereby ensuring the feasibility of data during cross-media publishing. Through the XML filtering program, the output format of the software used by the reporter to write the manuscript is converted to the NITF format, and manuscripts are edited through an XML editor to form a new manuscript and cross-media news publishing is realized.
The cross-media publishing system of the dictionaries started from 1995. At the time, there was no XML, and therefore SGML was also adopted. This is not difficult to implement data conversion when extended to the Internet publishing or CD publishing.
In January 1999, "People's Time and Space", which was initiated by People's Publishing House and initiated by a number of publishing houses, was formally established. There are four platforms: publishing platform, online publishing platform, publishing information platform, and e-commerce platform. At present, more than 300 publishers have joined. In January 2000, 14 large-scale publishing houses announced the launch of online publication through “People’s Spacetimeâ€, and developed an online publication production system, presented to the Affiliate Press, and set up an online publishing alliance. At the same time, Peking University Founder has also launched corresponding technical solutions and software for e-books and web publishing.
In addition, it has recently been learned from the press that the first-generation standard Chinese e-book, the “Palmroomâ€, which is one of the e-book projects of the publishing industry in China, has been successfully developed by the Liaoning Publishing Group, indicating that the country’s online publishing has become a A step forward. They convert paper books digitally, or use their digital information directly through technologies such as XML and DAM to convert them into e-books, and use the “China e-book network†that provides book content resources for the “Paper Library†to achieve extremely high Speed ​​is spread and sold online. Recently, they have joined hands with the Commercial Press to embed the electronic version of the Xinhua Dictionary into the Pocket Study Room for readers.
XML and DAM and Networked Cross Media Publishing
The Seventh World Printing Conference with the theme of “The Challenge of the 21st Century Knowledge Economy on the Printing Industry†has been successfully concluded in Beijing. However, those wonderful speeches are still fresh in their memory, and they are worthy of rethinking and benefiting people. As the treaty has already been discussed in the "Printing Magazine" with some personal knowledge and views, according to the readership and characteristics of the "Publishing and Printing" magazine, we will quote some of the speeches made at the Seventh World Printing Conference. And other reference materials, do some dissemination work on issues related to cross-media publishing XML and DAM.