Ca2 + outflow as an indicator of tobacco hypersensitivity to Pseudomonas

Transmembrane ion current plays an important role in initiating and regulating defense mechanisms. After the plant is stimulated by the external environment, the ion channel quickly adjusts, and the ion current is one of the earlier events in the identification of pathogens. Scientists such as Lev G. Nemchinov concluded that in plant pathogenic hypersensitivity, plasma membrane Ca2 + -ATP pump is the key to hypersensitivity.

Scientists of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) used "non-damaging micro-measurement technology (MIFE)" to detect the changes in Ca2 + flow after treatment with Pseudomonas syringae, and found that the Ca2 + internal and external flow was related to the period of bacterial treatment. After the treatment, tobacco leaves showed Ca2 + outflow. Both Ca2 + channel blockers gadolinium and lanthanum can significantly transform the Ca2 + flow under dark conditions into outflow, while cesium significantly weakens the light-induced Ca2 + flow, but does not produce Ca2 + outflow. In contrast, CPA, an inhibitor of Ca2 + -ATPase, can enhance Ca2 + absorption in both light and dark conditions.

Ca2 + not only plays a role as a second messenger in activating defense responses, but may also act as a downstream regulator in accelerating cell death, inhibiting the spread of pathogen infection and ending defense responses. In this study, through the transformation of Ca2 + flow, we recognized the key components of the cell defense response, and established the ion flow model in the process of cell death and defense.

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